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Comparing Fall Wind Erosion Treatment behind Low Residue Cropping
Larry Bauman ObjectiveDetermine if Fall Bedding or Rough Tillage after Onions (low residue crops) produces equal wind erosion control treatment to the Natural Resources Conservation Service approved Alternative Conservation System (ACS) treatment of Conventional Winter Wheat Cover Crop on rill irrigated silt loam soils in the Othello-Connell area. Location: Farm Unit
64 Block 47; Corner of Fox and Muse Road, Adams Co. Treatment
CommentsOnions were harvested 9 Sep. 1994. All plots were disked using a tandem disk with a roller packer attached on 21 Oct. 1994, irrigated on 10 Oct. 1994 and were again disk-packed on 1 Nov. 1994. The plots were established on 5 Nov. 1994 by retaining the disk-packed plots and positioning of the other treatments within the disk-packed part of the field. Stephens winter wheat was planted on the cover crop plots using a 7-inch spacing double disk drill with packer wheels. No fertilizers were added. Plot dimensions are 100 feet by 100 feet, and each treatment was replicated three times. Surface roughness measurements were made using the chain method, suggested by Bill Fryear, ARS, Big Spring, Texas. Random roughness (parallel with tillage and seeding direction) and tillage roughness (across the tillage direction) was determined. BSNE wind erosion samplers were place in the center of each treatment plot. Samples were taken at 150, 100, 50, 20, and 10 centimeters above the ground. Erosion samples were taken 22 Feb. 1995 and 4 Apr. 1995. The surface crop residue amount was measured using the line transect method on 15 Sep. 1994. Data Tillage roughness (ridging - inches height and spacing) was characterized at plot establishment on 5 Nov. 1994 as follows: 1.75 inch height and 7 inches spacing for the cover crop; 1 inch height and 4 inch spacing for rough tilled; and 5 inch=s height and 22 inches spacing for the fall bedded. Tillage roughness dropped to 1 inch high and 7-inch spacing on the cover crop treatment; no ridging for rough tilled treatment and 4 inches high and 22 inches spacing for the fall bedded by 24 Feb. 1994.
*Note: The replication 2 & 3 Fall bedding was eliminated before the sampling was completed
ConclusionsSurface roughness: Surface roughness was the same on the Fall Bedding plots and the ACS Cover Crop treated plots when the experiment was setup during the fall of 1994. The Fall Bedded treatment remained more rough though the winter and late into the spring of 1995. Over winter the Cover Crop roughness decreased to equal the Rough tilled treatments. Due to the late time of seeding, winter wheat emergence and growth was delayed on the Cover Crop treatment plots. Erosion: Under conditions experienced during this test the 50 centimeters, 100 centimeters, and 150 centimeter height samplers all showed similar amounts of dust across all the plot treatments. It may not be necessary to place dust sample collection devices at these positions during future trials. The three treatments are to be evaluated during the following crop year. The seeding of the cover crop will be about two weeks earlier in the fall to provide opportunity for more winter wheat growth for additional soil protection from this treatment. |
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