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Soil Residual
Nitrogen Under Dryland Wheat Cropping System
Ron
Jirava and Grant Miller
with Andy Bary, Craig Cogger WSU-Puyallup; Dan Sullivan Oregon
State University;
Dan Sturgill, Sara Brallier and Roberta King, King County
Objective
Compare residual
soil nitrate nitrogen under dryland wheat cropping system using both aqua
ammonia and biosolids for fertilization.
Locations Adams County
Location 1: Miller, 15 mi. SE of Lind, WA, 1 mi. S of Hwy. 26,
Annual precipitation: 10 inches
Soil : mapped as a Ritzville silt loam; soil is sandier than typical Ritzville
soil.
Rotation: wheat 94-95, fallow 93-94 and wheat 92-93
Location 2: Jirava, west of Ritzville, WA
Annual precipitation: 11.5 inches
Soil: Ritzville silt loam
Rotation: fallow 94-95, wheat 93-94, fallow 92-93 and wheat 91-92.
Treatments
|
Miller |
Jirava |
|
check (no fertilizer) |
check (no fertilizer) |
|
Aqua ammonia - 45 lb N/ac |
Aqua ammonia - 50 lb N/ac |
|
Biosolids- 3, 4.5 and 6 dry ton/ac |
Biosolids 3, 6 and 9 dry ton/ac |
Comments
Biosolids from a
King County wastewater treatment plant located in Renton, WA were applied
with a manure spreader at Jirava=s 19 October 92, incorporated 29 March
93 and Miller=s on 30 November 93, incorporated 1 December 93. All plots
were 70 by 700 ft (Miller) and 50 by 1000 ft (Jirava). Biosolids at Jirava=s
contained 86 lb total N and 22 lb ammonium-N per dry ton. Biosolids at
Miller=s contained 109 lb total N and 22 lb ammonium-N per dry ton. Winter
wheat was planted with varieties and as usual for this cropping area.
Aqua ammonia was applied at times usual for this cropping area. Rainfall
for 93 & 94 was above normal.
Data
|
Jirava
Residual soil nitrogen, lb NO3-N/ac
|
|
Miller
Residual soil nitrogen, lb NO3-N/ac
|
|
Check
|
|
Check
|
| Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
|
Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
| Apr-93 |
0-3 ft
|
46
|
59
|
61
|
47
|
53b
|
|
Apr-94 |
0-3 ft
|
92
|
60
|
78
|
76
|
77ab
|
| Aug-93 |
0-3 ft
|
95
|
87
|
130
|
75
|
97a
|
|
Jul-94 |
0-3 ft
|
116
|
82
|
74
|
.
|
91a
|
| Aug-94 |
0-3 ft
|
32
|
31
|
32
|
24
|
30c
|
|
Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
34
|
25
|
42
|
40
|
35c
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
65
|
56
|
71
|
47
|
60b
|
|
Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
47
|
83
|
44
|
55
|
57bc
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
29
|
15
|
38
|
31
|
28c
|
|
LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
28
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
CV
|
|
|
|
|
|
26
|
| CV
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aqua Ammonia
|
|
Aqua Ammonia
|
| Date |
Depth
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Average
|
|
Date |
Depth
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Average
|
| Aug-94 |
0-3 ft
|
38
|
40
|
29
|
36
|
36b
|
|
Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
29
|
22
|
45
|
34
|
33a
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
166
|
144
|
163
|
-
|
158a
|
|
Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
36
|
30
|
47
|
46
|
39a
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
26
|
39
|
26
|
-
|
30b
|
|
LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
CV |
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
| CV |
|
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jirava
Residual soil nitrogen, lb NO3-N/ac
|
|
Miller
Residual soil nitrogen, lb NO3-N/ac
|
|
3 dry ton
biosolids/ac
|
|
3 dry ton
biosolids/ac
|
| Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
|
Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
| Aug-94 |
0-3 ft
|
100
|
88
|
84
|
63
|
84a
|
|
Jul-94 |
0-3 ft
|
203
|
150
|
158
|
.
|
170a
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
124
|
75
|
57
|
105
|
90a
|
|
Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
51
|
32
|
68
|
58
|
52b
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
42
|
27
|
34
|
174
|
69a
|
|
Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
91
|
39
|
87
|
22
|
60b
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
55
|
| CV |
|
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
CV |
|
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
6 dry ton
biosolids /ac
|
|
4.5 dry ton
biosolids /ac
|
| Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
|
Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4
|
Average |
| Apr-93 |
0-3 ft
|
138
|
160
|
215
|
215
|
182ab
|
|
Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
70
|
80
|
84
|
96
|
82a
|
| Aug-93 |
0-3 ft
|
385
|
194
|
214
|
217
|
253a
|
|
Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
72
|
73
|
80
|
108
|
83a
|
| Aug-94 |
0-3 ft
|
112
|
209
|
189
|
131
|
160ab
|
|
LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
85
|
82
|
95
|
84
|
87b
|
|
CV |
|
|
|
|
|
7
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
130
|
95
|
310
|
131
|
166ab
|
|
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CV |
|
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 dry ton
biosolids /ac
|
| Date |
Depth
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Average
|
| Aug-94 |
0-3 ft
|
130
|
214
|
311
|
207
|
216a
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
100
|
107
|
116
|
199
|
130a
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
162
|
140
|
199
|
320
|
205a
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
97
|
| CV |
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
6 dry ton
biosolids/ac
|
|
Date |
Depth |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Average |
| Apr-94 |
0-3 ft
|
189
|
149
|
184
|
206
|
182b
|
| Jul-94 |
0-3 ft
|
275
|
251
|
332
|
.
|
286a
|
| Jul-95 |
0-3 ft
|
92
|
170
|
110
|
72
|
111c
|
| Jul-95 |
4-6 ft
|
110
|
118
|
181
|
69
|
120bc
|
| LSD(5%) |
|
|
|
|
|
66
|
| CV |
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
Conclusions
Nitrate residual
in the top 3 feet increased during fallow years as soil and biosolids
mineralized and decreased during crop years. Excessive amounts of N leached
below 3 feet during the winter. Above normal rainfall during 93 and 94
may have affected the amount of leaching. This soil residual data combined
with yield and test weight data suggest that the best benefit is
attained from biosolids applied at about 3 dt/ac under these conditions.
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Contact
us: Hans Kok, (208)885-5971
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Accessibility | Copyright
| Policies | WebStats | STEEP Acknowledgement
Hans Kok, WSU/UI Extension Conservation Tillage Specialist, UI Ag Science
231, PO Box 442339, Moscow, ID 83844 USA Redesigned
by Leila Styer, CAHE Computer Resource Unit; Maintained by Debbie
Marsh, Dept. of Crop & Soil Sciences, WSU
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